IIFT2016QuestionPaper Related Question Answers
53.
Read the following passages carefully and answer the questions given at the end of each passage.PASSAGE 3Typically women participate in the labour force at a very high rate in poor rural countries. The participation rate then falls as countries industrialise and move into the middle income class. Finally, if the country grows richer still, more families have the resources for higher education for women and from there they often enter the labour force in large numbers. Usually, economic growth goes hand in hand with emancipation of women. Among rich countries according to a 2015 study, female labour force participation ranges from nearly 80 percent in Switzerland to 70 percent in Germany and less than 60 Percent in the United States and Japan. Only 68 Percent of Canadian omen participated in the workforce in 1990; two decades later that increased to 74 Percent largely due to reforms including tax cuts for second earners and new childcare services. In Netherlands the female labour participation rate doubled since 1980 to 74 Percent as a result of expanded parental leave policies and the spread of flexible, part time working arrangements. In a 2014 survey of 143 emerging countries, the World Bank found that 90 Percent have at least one law that limits the economic opportunities available to women. These laws include bans or limitations on women owning property, opening a bank account, signing a contract, entering a courtroom, travelling alone, driving or controlling family finances. Such restrictions are particularly prevalent in the Middle East and South Asia with the world’s lowest female labour force participation, 26 and 35 percent respectively. According to date available with the International Labour Organisation (ILO), between 2004 and 2011, when the Indian economy grew at a healthy average of about 7 percent, there was a decline in female participation in the country’s labour force from over 35 percent to 25 percent. India also posted the lowest rate of female participation in the workforce among BRIC countries. India’s performance in female workforce participation stood at 27 percent, significantly behind China (64 percent), Brazil (59 percent), Russian Federation (57 percent), and South Africa (45 percent). The number of working women in India had climbed between 2000 and 2005, increasing from 34 percent to 37 percent, but since then the rate of women in the workforce has to fallen to 27 percent as of 2014, said the report citing data from the World Bank. The gap between male and female workforce participation in urban areas in 2011 stood at 40 percent, compared to rural areas where the gap was about 30 percent. However, in certain sectors like financial services, Indian women lead the charge. While only one in 10 Indian companies are led by women, more than half of them are in the financial sector. Today, women head both the top public and private banks in India. Another example is India’s aviation sector, 11.7 percent of India’s 5,100 pilots are women, versus 3 percent worldwide. But these successes only represent a small of women in the country. India does poorly in comparison to its neighbours despite a more robust economic growth. In comparison to India, women in Bangladesh have increased their participation in the labour market, which is due to the growth of the ready- made garment sector and a push to rural female employment. In 2015, women comprised of 43 percent of the labour force in Bangladesh. The rate has also increased in Pakistan, albeit from a very low starting point, while participation has remained relatively stable in Sri Lanka. Myanmar with 79 percent and Malaysia with 49 percent are also way ahead of India. Lack of access to higher education, fewer job opportunities, the lack of flexibility in working conditions, as well as domestic duties are cited as factors behind the low rates. Marriage significantly reduced the probability of women working by about 8 percent in rural areas and more than twice as much in urban areas, said an Assocham report. ILO attributes this to three factors: increasing educational enrolment, improvement in earning of male workers that discourage women’s economic participation, and lack of employment opportunities at certain levels of skills and qualifications discouraging women to seek work. The hurdles to working women often involve a combination of written laws and cultural norms. Cultures don’t change overnight but laws can. The IMF says that even a small step such as countries granting women the right to open a bank account can lead to substantial increase in female labour force participation over the next seven years. According to the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), even a 10 percent increase in women participating in the workforce can boost gross domestic product (GDP) by 0.3 percent. The OECD recently estimated that eliminating the gender gap would lead to an overall increase in GDP of 12 percent in its member nations between 2015 and 2030. The GDP gains would peak close to 20 percent in both Japan and South Korea and more than 20 percent in Italy. A similar analysis by Booz and Company showed that closing gender gap in emerging countries could yield even larger gains in GDP by 2020, ranging from a 34 percent gain in Egypt to 27 percent in India and 9 percent in Brazil.
According to the above passage, though there are many reasons for low female labour force participation, the most important focus of the passage is on
55. According to the IMF what small step can lead to larger impact on increasing female labour force participation
56. According to the information in the above passage between 2004 to 2011, when the Indian economy grew at a healthy average of about 7 percent
58. What message is the author conveying by drawing attention to a mythical figure and a one eyed robot?
59. Laser based range finders are more effective than digital cameras because (select the right option)? i. Laser based range finders directly capture the contour map of the surroundings which enable faster processing ii. Digital cameras are expensive iii. Laser based range finders are easier to use iv. Digital cameras are easy to use but require more computation
61.
Use the words in the table below to solve the questions.
Complete the crossword using the words from the above table. There are more words than required
Hint:
1 - Across: native to or confined to a certain region; 1 - Down: balance of forces or interests; 2: inclined to lay down principles as undeniably true; 3: attempting to avoid confrontation or anger, calming or conciliatory; 4: a speech or piece of writing that praises someone or something highly
62. Each question has explained the meaning of two words from the above table. Identify the correct matching words from the table.a) A formal expression of praise b) Take up the cause, support
63. Each question has explained the meaning of two words from the above table. Identify the correct matching words from the table.a) Devoid of cheer or comfort, dreary b) Stubbornly preserving, doggedness
64. Each question has explained the meaning of two words from the above table. Identify the correct matching words from the table.a) Having a softening or soothing effect b) Verbal abuse, defamation
65. Etymological description of the ‘word’ is given in each question. Identify the origin /source of the ‘word’Debutante (noun) The origin of the word dates back to early Nineteenth Century. The word is used to describe a female stage actor making her first public performance.
66. Obvious (adjective) It means “frequently met with”. The origin of the word comes from obvius “that is in the way, presenting itself readily, open, exposed, commonplace,” also from obviam (adv.) “in the way”, from ob “against” + viam, accusative of via “way”, meaning “plain to see, evident” is first recorded in 1630.
67. Soccer (noun) The origin of the word dates back to 1889 (socca), later 1891 (socker), 1895 (soccer); originally university slang from a shortened from of Assoc., abbreviation of Association in Football Association.
72.
In the following questions some parts of the sentence have been jumbled up. Re-arrange these parts which are labelled as (a), (b), (c) and (d) to produce the correct sequence in completing the sentence.Nelson Mandela [u]modern country in a modern way (a)[/u] / [u]and could run a new (b)[/u] / [u]shifted the beliefs of the people (c)[/u] / [u]so they could heal the racial conflict (d)[/u]
73.
In the following questions some parts of the sentence have been jumbled up. Re-arrange these parts which are labelled as (a), (b), (c) and (d) to produce the correct sequence in completing the sentence.The difference [u]and development on the other affects(a)[/u] / [u]in the relationship between death and birth-rates on the one hand (b)[/u] / [u]but the age structure of the population (c)[/u] / [u]not just the rat of the population growth (d)[/u]
74. Mark is always eager to argue about how this business should be run. He seems to have a real _________ on his shoulder about it.
75. Vishnu thought the last problem on the test was a real __________. It was much harder and more complex than any of the previous problems.
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